IR LED

IR LED: Classification and Applications by Wavelength

IR LED emits invisible infrared radiation, with IR LED classified by wavelength into three main categories—each IR LED type servinging unique needs.

Near-Infrared (NIR) LEDs (700nm–1.4μm) are the most common IR LED, featuring high power and low cost. Short-wave NIR IR LED (700nm–900nm, e.g., 940nm for remotes, 850nm for pulse oximeters) works seamlessly with silicon detectors, making this IR LED ideal for daily electronics. Mid-wave NIR IR LED (900nm–1.4μm, e.g., 1.0μm–1.2μm) suits fingerprint scanners and low-light cameras, where IR LED’s precision is key.

Mid-Infrared (MIR) LEDs (1.4μm–10μm) are specialized IR LED that interacts with molecular vibrations. Short-wave MIR IR LED (1.4μm–3μm, e.g., 2.7μm for CO₂ sensing) and long-wave MIR IR LED (3μm–10μm, e.g., 8μm–10μm for thermal sensing) require specialized materials and cooling; these IR LED are widely used in gas detection and medical imaging.

Far-Infrared (FIR) LEDs (10μm–1mm) are niche IR LED, with very low power. These IR LED find applications in scientific research and industrial heating, where IR LED’s unique wavelength range adds value.